ASTM A394

ASTM A394 is a standard material specification covering chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of 1⁄2, 5⁄8, 3⁄4, 7⁄8 and 1 in. for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. The specification includes type 0, type 1 and type 3 structural bolts in carbon, alloy and weathering steel with plain and coated surfaces.

Find classification of grades, chemical composition, mechanical properties, shear strength, marking, recommended nuts, surface finish or coating and other reference standards for ASTM A394 Bolts.

Grade Classification

Grade Raw Material Description
Type 0 Low or medium carbon steel.
Type 1 Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered.
Type 3 Weathering steel, quenched and tempered.

Chemical Composition

Element Grade
Type 0 Type 1 Type 3 (Class C)
Carbon 0.55 max 0.28 – 0.55 0.15 – 0.25
Manganese, max ... 0.60 min 0.80 – 1.35
Phosphorus, max 0.048 max 0.048 max 0.035 max
Sulfur, max 0.058 max 0.058 max 0.040 max
Silicon ... ... 0.15 – 0.35
Copper ... ... 0.20 – 0.50
Nickel ... ... 0.25 – 0.50
Chromium ... ... 0.30 – 0.50
Vanadium ... ... 0.02 min

Mechanical Properties

Nominal size, Inch. Minimum Tensile Load, lbf Hardness
Type 0 Type 1 and 3 Type 0 Type 1 and 3
1/2 10 500 17 050

80 – 100
Rockwell B


25 – 34
Rockwell C
5/8 16 700 27 100
3/4 24 700 40 100
7/8 34 200 55 450
1 44 850 72 700

Recommended Nuts and Coating

Grade Nut Grade Coating
Type 0 A563 Grade A Hot Dip or Zinc Coating
Type 1 A563 Grade DH Hot Dip or Zinc Coating
Type 3 A563 Grade DH3 Plain

Reference Standards

ASTM A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
ASTM F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
ASTM F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip
ASME B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
ASME B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws